Citation analysis for Working Paper Series, Center for Fiscal Studies / Uppsala University, Department of Economics

Citation Profile [Updated: 2020-06-03 07:38:54]

5 Years H

Impact Factor

5 Years IF

0.27

Data available in this report

[Raw data] [50 most cited papers] [50 most relevant papers] [cites used to compute IF] [Recent citations ][Frequent citing series ] [more data in EconPapers] [trace new citations] [Missing citations? Add them now] [Incorrect content? Let us know]

Main indicators

Raw Data

	IF	AIF	CIF	IF5	DOC	CDO	CIT	NCI	CCU	D2Y	C2Y	D5Y	C5Y	SC	%SC	CiY	II	AII
1990	0	0.13	0	0	0	0	0		0	0		0			0		0	0.07
1991	0	0.11	0	0	0	0	0		0	0		0			0		0	0.06
1992	0	0.1	0	0	0	0	0		0	0		0			0		0	0.07
1993	0	0.13	0	0	0	0	0		0	0		0			0		0	0.07
1994	0	0.13	0	0	0	0	0		0	0		0			0		0	0.06
1995	0	0.19	0	0	0	0	0		0	0		0			0		0	0.09
1996	0	0.22	0	0	0	0	0		0	0		0			0		0	0.12
1997	0	0.23	0	0	0	0	0		0	0		0			0		0	0.12
1998	0	0.24	0	0	0	0	0		0	0		0			0		0	0.15
1999	0	0.32	0	0	0	0	0		0	0		0			0		0	0.21
2000	0	0.47	0	0	0	0	0		0	0		0			0		0	0.2
2001	0	0.4	0	0	0	0	0		0	0		0			0		0	0.22
2002	0	0.41	0	0	0	0	0		0	0		0			0		0	0.23
2003	0	0.42	0	0	0	0	0		0	0		0			0		0	0.24
2004	0	0.47	0	0	0	0	0		0	0		0			0		0	0.27
2005	0	0.49	0	0	0	0	0		0	0		0			0		0	0.29
2006	0	0.48	0	0	0	0	0		0	0		0			0		0	0.27
2007	0	0.41	0	0	0	0	0		0	0		0			0		0	0.22
2008	0	0.46	0	0	1	1	0		0	0		0			0		0	0.23
2009	0	0.43	0.13	0	14	15	33	2	2	1		1			0	2	0.14	0.23
2010	0.13	0.37	0.17	0.13	15	30	40	4	7	15	2	15	2		0	2	0.13	0.2
2011	0.28	0.47	0.36	0.27	15	45	78	16	23	29	8	30	8	4	25	8	0.53	0.25
2012	0.77	0.5	0.67	0.71	9	54	39	36	59	30	23	45	32	2	5.6	2	0.22	0.26
2013	0.88	0.52	0.58	0.72	15	69	35	40	99	24	21	54	39	2	5	1	0.07	0.24
2014	1.04	0.54	0.71	0.66	15	84	54	60	159	24	25	68	45	10	16.7	10	0.67	0.28
2015	0.63	0.54	0.47	0.57	7	91	34	43	202	30	19	69	39	7	16.3		0	0.28
2016	1	0.57	0.47	0.57	0	91	0	43	245	22	22	61	35		0		0	0.29
2017	1.57	0.58	0.42	0.54	0	91	0	38	283	7	11	46	25		0		0	0.28
2018	0	0.6	0.35	0.49	0	91	0	32	315	0		37	18		0		0	0.31
2019	0	0.65	0.18	0.27	0	91	0	16	331	0		22	6		0		0	0.38

IF:	Impact Factor: C2Y / D2Y
AIF:	Average Impact Factor for series in RePEc in year y
CIF:	Cumulative impact factor
IF5:	Impact Factor: C5Y / D5Y
DOC:	Number of documents published in year y
CDO:	Cumulative number of documents published until year y
CIT:	Number of citations to papers published in year y
NCI:	Number of citations in year y
CCU:	Cumulative number of citations to papers published until year y
D2Y:	Number of articles published in y-1 plus y-2
C2Y:	Cites in y to articles published in y-1 plus y-2
D5Y:	Number of articles published in y-1 until y-5
C5Y:	Cites in y to articles published in y-1 until y-5
SC:	selft citations in y to articles published in y-1 plus y-2
%SC:	Percentage of selft citations in y to articles published in y-1 plus y-2
CiY:	Cites in year y to documents published in year y
II:	Immediacy Index: CiY / Documents.
AII:	Average Immediacy Index for series in RePEc in year y

50 most cited documents in this series

#	Year	Title	Cited
1	2014	Inherited wealth over the path of development: Sweden, 1810â2010. (2014). WaldenstrÃÂ¶m, Daniel ; Roine, Jesper ; Ohlsson, Henry. In: Working Paper Series, Center for Fiscal Studies. RePEc:hhs:uufswp:2014_007. Full description at Econpapers \|\| Download paper	31
2	2015	Inheritance and wealth inequality: Evidence from population registers. (2015). WaldenstrÃÂ¶m, Daniel ; Erixson, Oscar ; Elinder, Mikael ; Waldenstrom, Daniel. In: Working Paper Series, Center for Fiscal Studies. RePEc:hhs:uufswp:2015_003. Full description at Econpapers \|\| Download paper	29
3	2011	Ethnic Diversity and Preferences for Redistribution. (2011). Lundqvist, HelÃÂ©ne ; Edmark, Karin ; Dahlberg, Matz. In: Working Paper Series, Center for Fiscal Studies. RePEc:hhs:uufswp:2011_001. Full description at Econpapers \|\| Download paper	24
4	2011	Tax Policy and Employment: How Does the Swedish System Fare?. (2011). Selin, HÃÂ¥kan ; PirttilÃÂ¤, Jukka ; Pirttala, Jukka . In: Working Paper Series, Center for Fiscal Studies. RePEc:hhs:uufswp:2011_002. Full description at Econpapers \|\| Download paper	22
5	2010	The Welfare Gains of Age Related Optimal Income Taxation. (2010). Micheletto, Luca ; Blomquist, SÃÂ¶ren ; Bastani, Spencer. In: Working Paper Series, Center for Fiscal Studies. RePEc:hhs:uufswp:2010_012. Full description at Econpapers \|\| Download paper	11
6	2011	Bunching and Non-Bunching at Kink Points of the Swedish Tax schedule. (2011). Selin, HÃÂ¥kan ; Bastani, Spencer. In: Working Paper Series, Center for Fiscal Studies. RePEc:hhs:uufswp:2011_012. Full description at Econpapers \|\| Download paper	9
7	2012	Lifetime versus Annual Tax Progressivity: Sweden, 1968â2009. (2012). WaldenstrÃÂ¶m, Daniel ; HOLMLUND, BERTIL ; Bengtsson, Niklas ; Waldenstrom, Daniel. In: Working Paper Series, Center for Fiscal Studies. RePEc:hhs:uufswp:2012_008. Full description at Econpapers \|\| Download paper	9
8	2013	How Much Should We Trust Regression-Kink-Design Estimates?. (2013). Ando, Michihito. In: Working Paper Series, Center for Fiscal Studies. RePEc:hhs:uufswp:2013_015. Full description at Econpapers \|\| Download paper	9
9	2011	Loss evasion and tax aversion. (2011). Ohlsson, Henry ; Nordblom, Katarina ; EngstrÃÂ¶m, Per ; Persson, Annika ; Engstrom, Per. In: Working Paper Series, Center for Fiscal Studies. RePEc:hhs:uufswp:2011_011. Full description at Econpapers \|\| Download paper	9
10	2012	Marriage Stability, Taxation and Aggregate Labor Supply in the U.S. vs. Europe. (2012). Holter, Hans ; Chakraborty, Indraneel ; Stepanchuk, Serhiy . In: Working Paper Series, Center for Fiscal Studies. RePEc:hhs:uufswp:2012_007. Full description at Econpapers \|\| Download paper	9
11	2014	Estates, bequests, and inheritances in Sweden - A look into the Belinda databases. (2014). Ohlsson, Henry ; Escobar, Sebastian ; Erixson, Oscar ; Elinder, Mikael. In: Working Paper Series, Center for Fiscal Studies. RePEc:hhs:uufswp:2014_014. Full description at Econpapers \|\| Download paper	8
12	2010	Does Providing Childcare to Unemployed Affect Unemployment Duration?. (2010). Vikman, Ulrika. In: Working Paper Series, Center for Fiscal Studies. RePEc:hhs:uufswp:2010_006. Full description at Econpapers \|\| Download paper	8
13	2013	A History of the Swedish Pension System. (2013). Hagen, Johannes. In: Working Paper Series, Center for Fiscal Studies. RePEc:hhs:uufswp:2013_007. Full description at Econpapers \|\| Download paper	8
14	2009	The Rise in Female Employment and the Role of Tax Incentive. An Empirical Analysis of the Swedish Individual Tax Reform of 1971. (2009). Selin, HÃÂ¥kan. In: Working Paper Series, Center for Fiscal Studies. RePEc:hhs:uufswp:2009_003. Full description at Econpapers \|\| Download paper	7
15	2012	Who is at the top? Wealth mobility over the life cycle. (2012). Ohlsson, Henry ; Hochguertel, Stefan. In: Working Paper Series, Center for Fiscal Studies. RePEc:hhs:uufswp:2012_001. Full description at Econpapers \|\| Download paper	7
16	2009	Economic incentives and the timing of births: Evidence from the German parental benefit reform 2007. (2009). Ohlsson, Henry ; Neugart, Michael ; Henry Ohlsson, Michael Neugart and, . In: Working Paper Series, Center for Fiscal Studies. RePEc:hhs:uufswp:2009_010. Full description at Econpapers \|\| Download paper	7
17	2014	Estate division: Equal sharing as choice, social norm, and legal requirement. (2014). Ohlsson, Henry ; Erixson, Oscar. In: Working Paper Series, Center for Fiscal Studies. RePEc:hhs:uufswp:2014_002. Full description at Econpapers \|\| Download paper	6
18	2010	Public Provision of Private Goods, Tagging and Optimal Income Taxation with Heterogeneity in Needs. (2010). Micheletto, Luca ; Blomquist, SÃÂ¶ren ; Bastani, Spencer. In: Working Paper Series, Center for Fiscal Studies. RePEc:hhs:uufswp:2010_014. Full description at Econpapers \|\| Download paper	6
19	2013	Taxes and the Choice of Organizational Form by Entrepreneurs in Sweden. (2013). Gordon, Roger ; Edmark, Karin. In: Working Paper Series, Center for Fiscal Studies. RePEc:hhs:uufswp:2013_013. Full description at Econpapers \|\| Download paper	5
20	2015	The Taxable Income Elasticity: A Structural Differencing Approach. (2015). Liang, Che-Yuan ; Kumar, Anil. In: Working Paper Series, Center for Fiscal Studies. RePEc:hhs:uufswp:2015_001. Full description at Econpapers \|\| Download paper	5
21	2014	Individual Heterogeneity, Nonlinear Budget Sets, and Taxable Income. (2014). Liang, Che-Yuan ; Kumar, Anil ; Blomquist, SÃÂ¶ren ; Newey, Whitney K.. In: Working Paper Series, Center for Fiscal Studies. RePEc:hhs:uufswp:2014_001. Full description at Econpapers \|\| Download paper	5
22	2012	Evaluation of the Swedish earned income tax credit. (2012). Selin, HÃÂ¥kan ; MÃÂ¶rk, Eva ; Liang, Che-Yuan ; Edmark, Karin ; Mork, Eva. In: Working Paper Series, Center for Fiscal Studies. RePEc:hhs:uufswp:2012_002. Full description at Econpapers \|\| Download paper	5
23	2010	Piracy, Music, and Movies: A Natural Experiment. (2010). Liang, Che-Yuan ; Adermon, Adrian. In: Working Paper Series, Center for Fiscal Studies. RePEc:hhs:uufswp:2010_013. Full description at Econpapers \|\| Download paper	5
24	2012	Gender-Based and Couple-Based Taxation. (2012). Bastani, Spencer. In: Working Paper Series, Center for Fiscal Studies. RePEc:hhs:uufswp:2012_006. Full description at Econpapers \|\| Download paper	5
25	2014	Inheritance Taxation in Sweden, 1885â2004: The Role of Ideology, Family Firms and Tax Avoidance. (2014). WaldenstrÃÂ¶m, Daniel ; Henrekson, Magnus ; Waldenstrom, Daniel. In: Working Paper Series, Center for Fiscal Studies. RePEc:hhs:uufswp:2014_009. Full description at Econpapers \|\| Download paper	4
26	2011	Welfare costs of reclassification risk in the health insurance market. (2011). Porapakkarm, Ponpoje ; Pashchenko, Svetlana. In: Working Paper Series, Center for Fiscal Studies. RePEc:hhs:uufswp:2011_013. Full description at Econpapers \|\| Download paper	4
27	2009	Optimal Income Tax under the Threat of Migration by Top-Income Earners. (2009). Trannoy, Alain ; Simula, Laurent ; Alain Trannoy, Laurent Simula and, . In: Working Paper Series, Center for Fiscal Studies. RePEc:hhs:uufswp:2009_008. Full description at Econpapers \|\| Download paper	4
28	2009	Nonparametric Structural Estimation of Labor Supply in the Presence of Censoring. (2009). Liang, Che-Yuan. In: Working Paper Series, Center for Fiscal Studies. RePEc:hhs:uufswp:2009_006. Full description at Econpapers \|\| Download paper	4
29	2011	Intergenerational transmission of skills during childhood and optimal public policy. (2011). Sommacal, Alessandro ; Micheletto, Luca ; Casarico, Alessandra. In: Working Paper Series, Center for Fiscal Studies. RePEc:hhs:uufswp:2011_003. Full description at Econpapers \|\| Download paper	4
30	2011	The Marginal Cost of Public Funds is One. (2011). Jacobs, Bas. In: Working Paper Series, Center for Fiscal Studies. RePEc:hhs:uufswp:2011_007. Full description at Econpapers \|\| Download paper	3
31	2009	Dividend taxation, share repurchases and the equity trap. (2009). SÃÂ¶dersten, Jan ; Sodersten, Jan ; Lindhe, Tobias . In: Working Paper Series, Center for Fiscal Studies. RePEc:hhs:uufswp:2009_005. Full description at Econpapers \|\| Download paper	3
32	2009	Shall We Keep Highly Skilled at Home? The Optimal Income Tax Perspective. (2009). Trannoy, Alain ; Simula, Laurent ; Alain Trannoy, Laurent Simula and, . In: Working Paper Series, Center for Fiscal Studies. RePEc:hhs:uufswp:2009_009. Full description at Econpapers \|\| Download paper	3
33		The Friedman rule in an overlapping-generations model with nonlinear taxation and income misreporting. (2014). Micheletto, Luca ; Gahvari, Firouz. In: Working Paper Series, Center for Fiscal Studies. RePEc:hhs:uufswp:2012_009. Full description at Econpapers \|\| Download paper	3
34	2013	Consumption smoothing in a balanced budget regime. (2013). Persson, Lovisa. In: Working Paper Series, Center for Fiscal Studies. RePEc:hhs:uufswp:2013_012. Full description at Econpapers \|\| Download paper	3
35	2010	Timing of death and the repeal of the Swedish inheritance tax. (2010). Ohlsson, Henry ; Eliason, Marcus. In: Working Paper Series, Center for Fiscal Studies. RePEc:hhs:uufswp:2010_002. Full description at Econpapers \|\| Download paper	3
36	2013	How Should Commodities Be Taxed? A Counterargument to the Recommendation in the Mirrlees Review. (2013). PirttilÃÂ¤, Jukka ; Blomquist, SÃÂ¶ren ; Bastani, Spencer. In: Working Paper Series, Center for Fiscal Studies. RePEc:hhs:uufswp:2013_005. Full description at Econpapers \|\| Download paper	3
37	2014	Long run trends in the distribution of income and wealth. (2014). WaldenstrÃÂ¶m, Daniel ; Roine, Jesper ; Waldenstrom, Daniel. In: Working Paper Series, Center for Fiscal Studies. RePEc:hhs:uufswp:2014_005. Full description at Econpapers \|\| Download paper	3
38	2013	Estimating labour supply elasticities based on cross-country micro data: A bridge between micro and macro estimates?. (2013). PirttilÃÂ¤, Jukka ; Selin, Hkan ; Jantti, Markus ; Pirttila, Jukka. In: Working Paper Series, Center for Fiscal Studies. RePEc:hhs:uufswp:2013_001. Full description at Econpapers \|\| Download paper	3
39	2009	Optimal Nonlinear Income Tax and Nonlinear Pricing: Optimality Conditions and Comparative Static Properties. (2009). Simula, Laurent. In: Working Paper Series, Center for Fiscal Studies. RePEc:hhs:uufswp:2009_011. Full description at Econpapers \|\| Download paper	3
40	2010	Dynamic effects of mandatory activation of welfare participants. (2010). Vikman, Ulrika ; Persson, Anna . In: Working Paper Series, Center for Fiscal Studies. RePEc:hhs:uufswp:2010_005. Full description at Econpapers \|\| Download paper	3
41	2010	Stimulating Local Public Employment: Do General Grants Work?. (2010). MÃÂ¶rk, Eva ; Lundqvist, HelÃÂ©ne ; Dahlberg, Matz ; Mork, Eva. In: Working Paper Series, Center for Fiscal Studies. RePEc:hhs:uufswp:2010_009. Full description at Econpapers \|\| Download paper	2
42	2011	Public provision of private goods, self-selection and income tax avoidance. (2011). Micheletto, Luca ; Blomquist, SÃÂ¶ren ; Christiansen, Vidar. In: Working Paper Series, Center for Fiscal Studies. RePEc:hhs:uufswp:2011_006. Full description at Econpapers \|\| Download paper	2
43	2010	Marginal Deadweight Loss when the Income Tax is Nonlinear. (2010). Simula, Laurent ; Blomquist, SÃÂ¶ren. In: Working Paper Series, Center for Fiscal Studies. RePEc:hhs:uufswp:2010_001. Full description at Econpapers \|\| Download paper	2
44	2014	The determinants of annuitization: evidence from Sweden. (2014). Hagen, Johannes. In: Working Paper Series, Center for Fiscal Studies. RePEc:hhs:uufswp:2014_013. Full description at Econpapers \|\| Download paper	2
45	2009	Public Provision of Private Goods and Nondistortionary Marginal Tax Rates: Some Further Results. (2009). Blomquist, SÃÂ¶ren ; Luca Micheletto, Soren Blomquist,, ; Christiansen, Vidar. In: Working Paper Series, Center for Fiscal Studies. RePEc:hhs:uufswp:2009_007. Full description at Econpapers \|\| Download paper	2
46	2012	Public Goods in a Voluntary Federal Union: Implications of a Participation Constraint. (2012). SjÃÂ¶gren, Tomas ; Micheletto, Luca ; Aronsson, Thomas ; Sjogren, Tomas . In: Working Paper Series, Center for Fiscal Studies. RePEc:hhs:uufswp:2012_012. Full description at Econpapers \|\| Download paper	2
47	2013	Voter Turnout and the Size of Government. (2013). Aggeborn, Linuz. In: Working Paper Series, Center for Fiscal Studies. RePEc:hhs:uufswp:2013_014. Full description at Econpapers \|\| Download paper	2
48	2011	Accounting for Cross-Country Differences in Intergenerational Earnings Persistence: The Impact of Taxation and Public Education Expenditure. (2011). Holter, Hans. In: Working Paper Series, Center for Fiscal Studies. RePEc:hhs:uufswp:2011_014. Full description at Econpapers \|\| Download paper	2
49	2012	The Internet, News Consumption, and Political Attitudes. (2012). Liang, Che-Yuan ; Nordin, Mattias . In: Working Paper Series, Center for Fiscal Studies. RePEc:hhs:uufswp:2012_010. Full description at Econpapers \|\| Download paper	2
50	2012	Monetary policy and redistribution: What can or cannot be neutralized with Mirrleesian taxes. (2012). Micheletto, Luca ; Gahvari, Firouz. In: Working Paper Series, Center for Fiscal Studies. RePEc:hhs:uufswp:2012_005. Full description at Econpapers \|\| Download paper	1

50 most relevant documents in this series (papers most cited in the last two years)

#	Year	Title	Cited
1	2015	Inheritance and wealth inequality: Evidence from population registers. (2015). WaldenstrÃÂ¶m, Daniel ; Erixson, Oscar ; Elinder, Mikael ; Waldenstrom, Daniel. In: Working Paper Series, Center for Fiscal Studies. RePEc:hhs:uufswp:2015_003. Full description at Econpapers \|\| Download paper	9
2	2014	Inherited wealth over the path of development: Sweden, 1810â2010. (2014). WaldenstrÃÂ¶m, Daniel ; Roine, Jesper ; Ohlsson, Henry. In: Working Paper Series, Center for Fiscal Studies. RePEc:hhs:uufswp:2014_007. Full description at Econpapers \|\| Download paper	6
3	2010	Does Providing Childcare to Unemployed Affect Unemployment Duration?. (2010). Vikman, Ulrika. In: Working Paper Series, Center for Fiscal Studies. RePEc:hhs:uufswp:2010_006. Full description at Econpapers \|\| Download paper	4
4	2013	A History of the Swedish Pension System. (2013). Hagen, Johannes. In: Working Paper Series, Center for Fiscal Studies. RePEc:hhs:uufswp:2013_007. Full description at Econpapers \|\| Download paper	4
5	2014	Estate division: Equal sharing as choice, social norm, and legal requirement. (2014). Ohlsson, Henry ; Erixson, Oscar. In: Working Paper Series, Center for Fiscal Studies. RePEc:hhs:uufswp:2014_002. Full description at Econpapers \|\| Download paper	3
6	2013	Taxes and the Choice of Organizational Form by Entrepreneurs in Sweden. (2013). Gordon, Roger ; Edmark, Karin. In: Working Paper Series, Center for Fiscal Studies. RePEc:hhs:uufswp:2013_013. Full description at Econpapers \|\| Download paper	3
7	2014	Estates, bequests, and inheritances in Sweden - A look into the Belinda databases. (2014). Ohlsson, Henry ; Escobar, Sebastian ; Erixson, Oscar ; Elinder, Mikael. In: Working Paper Series, Center for Fiscal Studies. RePEc:hhs:uufswp:2014_014. Full description at Econpapers \|\| Download paper	3
8	2015	The Taxable Income Elasticity: A Structural Differencing Approach. (2015). Liang, Che-Yuan ; Kumar, Anil. In: Working Paper Series, Center for Fiscal Studies. RePEc:hhs:uufswp:2015_001. Full description at Econpapers \|\| Download paper	2
9	2011	Tax Policy and Employment: How Does the Swedish System Fare?. (2011). Selin, HÃÂ¥kan ; PirttilÃÂ¤, Jukka ; Pirttala, Jukka . In: Working Paper Series, Center for Fiscal Studies. RePEc:hhs:uufswp:2011_002. Full description at Econpapers \|\| Download paper	2
10	2014	Individual Heterogeneity, Nonlinear Budget Sets, and Taxable Income. (2014). Liang, Che-Yuan ; Kumar, Anil ; Blomquist, SÃÂ¶ren ; Newey, Whitney K.. In: Working Paper Series, Center for Fiscal Studies. RePEc:hhs:uufswp:2014_001. Full description at Econpapers \|\| Download paper	2
11	2011	Intergenerational transmission of skills during childhood and optimal public policy. (2011). Sommacal, Alessandro ; Micheletto, Luca ; Casarico, Alessandra. In: Working Paper Series, Center for Fiscal Studies. RePEc:hhs:uufswp:2011_003. Full description at Econpapers \|\| Download paper	2
12	2012	Evaluation of the Swedish earned income tax credit. (2012). Selin, HÃÂ¥kan ; MÃÂ¶rk, Eva ; Liang, Che-Yuan ; Edmark, Karin ; Mork, Eva. In: Working Paper Series, Center for Fiscal Studies. RePEc:hhs:uufswp:2012_002. Full description at Econpapers \|\| Download paper	2

Citing documents used to compute impact factor:

Year	Title

Recent citations

10 most frequent citing series

#	Series	H	Cites
1	IZA Discussion Papers / Institute of Labor Economics (IZA)	94	19
2	CEPR Discussion Papers / C.E.P.R. Discussion Papers	134	14
3	Working Paper Series / Uppsala University, Department of Economics	19	8
4	NBER Working Papers / National Bureau of Economic Research, Inc	243	8
5	Working Paper Series, Center for Fiscal Studies / Uppsala University, Department of Economics	9	7
6	Working Paper Series / IFAU - Institute for Evaluation of Labour Market and Education Policy	23	7
7	Journal of Population Economics / Springer	66	6
8	Journal of Public Economics / Elsevier	156	6
9	Working Paper Series / Research Institute of Industrial Economics	27	5
10	CESifo Working Paper Series / CESifo Group Munich	64	5
11	ZEW Discussion Papers / ZEW - Leibniz Centre for European Economic Research	38	4