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Discussion Papers / Friedrich-Alexander University Erlangen-Nuremberg, Chair of Labour and Regional Economics

Citation Profile [Updated: 2026-04-14 16:41:18]
5 Years H Index
17
Impact Factor (IF)
0.83
5 Years IF
0.4
Data available in this report

[Raw data] [50 most cited papers] [50 most relevant papers] [cites used to compute IF] [Recent citations ][Frequent citing series ] [more data in EconPapers] [trace new citations] [Missing citations? Add them now] [Incorrect content? Let us know]

Main indicators
Raw Data

 

IF AIF CIF IF5 DOC CDO CIT NCI CCU D2Y C2Y D5Y C5Y SC %SC CiY II AII
2000 0 0.55 0 0 3 3 27 0 0 0 0 0 0.25
2001 0.33 0.48 0.38 0.33 5 8 48 3 3 3 1 3 1 3 100 1 0.2 0.27
2002 0.75 0.55 0.94 0.75 8 16 140 13 18 8 6 8 6 8 61.5 2 0.25 0.31
2003 1.31 0.52 2.17 1.19 7 23 82 50 68 13 17 16 19 33 66 9 1.29 0.29
2004 1.47 0.59 1.2 1.04 7 30 61 34 104 15 22 23 24 13 38.2 4 0.57 0.36
2005 1.64 0.6 1.73 1.43 11 41 66 69 175 14 23 30 43 10 14.5 10 0.91 0.35
2006 1.28 0.58 1.61 1.34 8 49 61 79 254 18 23 38 51 7 8.9 11 1.38 0.34
2007 0.63 0.52 0.84 0.54 6 55 48 46 300 19 12 41 22 14 30.4 3 0.5 0.29
2008 2.21 0.58 1.34 1.28 6 61 32 82 382 14 31 39 50 0 8 1.33 0.29
2009 0.5 0.58 0.79 0.76 6 67 36 53 435 12 6 38 29 2 3.8 4 0.67 0.33
2010 0.67 0.53 0.63 0.59 6 73 14 46 481 12 8 37 22 13 28.3 6 1 0.3
2011 0.67 0.61 0.5 0.31 3 76 11 38 519 12 8 32 10 6 15.8 1 0.33 0.37
2012 0.33 0.67 0.39 0.56 7 83 49 32 551 9 3 27 15 5 15.6 4 0.57 0.36
2013 1.5 0.65 0.54 0.79 7 90 21 49 600 10 15 28 22 10 20.4 3 0.43 0.34
2014 1.21 0.67 0.47 0.83 5 95 32 45 645 14 17 29 24 3 6.7 4 0.8 0.34
2015 0.75 0.65 0.38 0.46 2 97 19 37 682 12 9 28 13 7 18.9 6 3 0.36
2016 1.86 0.63 0.38 1.08 3 100 13 38 720 7 13 24 26 0 0 0.34
2017 1.8 0.6 0.5 1.08 3 103 29 52 772 5 9 24 26 13 25 0 0.34
2018 2.33 0.6 0.2 0.7 4 107 8 21 793 6 14 20 14 0 3 0.75 0.34
2019 1 0.61 0.17 0.71 4 111 7 19 812 7 7 17 12 1 5.3 1 0.25 0.35
2020 0.38 0.68 0.23 1 4 115 27 27 839 8 3 16 16 1 3.7 0 0.72
2021 1.5 0.88 0.34 0.89 8 123 17 42 881 8 12 18 16 5 11.9 2 0.25 0.36
2022 1.25 0.66 0.23 0.7 2 125 18 29 910 12 15 23 16 4 13.8 5 2.5 0.21
2023 1.2 0.49 0.19 0.77 4 129 9 25 935 10 12 22 17 1 4 4 1 0.16
2024 0.5 0.5 0.11 0.55 2 131 1 14 949 6 3 22 12 0 0 0.19
2025 0.83 0.63 0.16 0.4 3 134 3 22 971 6 5 20 8 5 22.7 5 1.67 0.26
IF: Two years Impact Factor: C2Y / D2Y
AIF: Average Impact Factor for all series in RePEc in year y
CIF: Cumulative impact factor
IF5: Five years Impact Factor: C5Y / D5Y
DOC: Number of documents published in year y
CDO: Cumulative number of documents published until year y
CIT: Number of citations to papers published in year y
NCI: Number of citations in year y
CCU: Cumulative number of citations to papers published until year y
D2Y: Number of articles published in y-1 plus y-2
C2Y: Cites in y to articles published in y-1 plus y-2
D5Y: Number of articles published in y-1 until y-5
C5Y: Cites in y to articles published in y-1 until y-5
SC: selft citations in y to articles published in y-1 plus y-2
%SC: Percentage of selft citations in y to articles published in y-1 plus y-2
CiY: Cites in year y to documents published in year y
II: Immediacy Index: CiY / Documents.
AII: Average Immediacy Index for series in RePEc in year y
50 most cited documents in this series
#YearTitleCited
12003Trade union membership in Eastern and Western Germany: convergence or divergence?. (2003). Wagner, Joachim ; Schnabel, Claus. In: Discussion Papers. RePEc:zbw:faulre:18.

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51
22002German works councils old and new: incidence, coverage and determinants. (2002). Wagner, Joachim ; Schnabel, Claus ; Addison, John ; Bellmann, Lutz. In: Discussion Papers. RePEc:zbw:faulre:10.

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47
3The reform of the German works constitution act: a critical assessment. (2002). Wagner, Joachim ; Schnabel, Claus ; Addison, John ; Bellmann, Lutz. In: Discussion Papers. RePEc:zbw:faulre:16.

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43
42004Practical estimation methods for linked employer-employee data. (2004). Upward, Richard ; Schank, Thorsten ; Andrews, Martyn J.. In: Discussion Papers. RePEc:zbw:faulre:29.

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26
52006Do changes in regulation affect employment duration in temporary work agencies?. (2006). Jahn, Elke ; Antoni, Manfred. In: Discussion Papers. RePEc:zbw:faulre:44.

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25
62002Establishment age and wages: evidence from German linked employer-employee data. (2002). Wagner, Joachim ; Schnabel, Claus ; Kolling, Arnd. In: Discussion Papers. RePEc:zbw:faulre:13.

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23
72002Skill-biased technological change, international trade and the wage structure. (2002). Schank, Thorsten ; Kolling, Arnd. In: Discussion Papers. RePEc:zbw:faulre:14.

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22
82007The Takeover and Selection Effects of Foreign Ownership in Germany : An Analysis Using Linked Worker-Firm Data. (2007). Upward, Richard ; Schank, Thorsten ; Andrews, Martyn J. ; Bellmann, Lutz. In: Discussion Papers. RePEc:zbw:faulre:50.

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22
92002Determinants of trade union membership. (2002). Schnabel, Claus. In: Discussion Papers. RePEc:zbw:faulre:15.

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22
102020Union membership and collective bargaining: Trends and determinants. (2020). Schnabel, Claus. In: Discussion Papers. RePEc:zbw:faulre:113.

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20
112000Die mitbestimmungsfreie Zone aus ökonomischer Sicht. (2000). Wagner, Joachim ; Schnabel, Claus ; Addison, John. In: Discussion Papers. RePEc:zbw:faulre:1.

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19
122012Establishment exits in Germany: The role of size and age. (2012). Wagner, Joachim ; Schnabel, Claus ; Fackler, Daniel. In: Discussion Papers. RePEc:zbw:faulre:76.

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18
132017Does early child care attendance influence childrens cognitive and non-cognitive skill development?. (2017). Oberfichtner, Michael ; Kuehnle, Daniel. In: Discussion Papers. RePEc:zbw:faulre:100.

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18
142003German works councils in the production process. (2003). Wagner, Joachim ; Schnabel, Claus ; Schank, Thorsten ; Addison, John. In: Discussion Papers. RePEc:zbw:faulre:21.

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18
152022Uncovered workers in plants covered by collective bargaining: Who are they and how do they fare?. (2022). Schnabel, Claus ; Lentge, Philipp ; Hirsch, Boris. In: Discussion Papers. RePEc:zbw:faulre:123.

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18
162001Bremst das Schwerbehindertengesetz die Arbeitsplatzdynamik in Kleinbetrieben?. (2001). Wagner, Joachim ; Schnabel, Claus ; Kolling, Arnd. In: Discussion Papers. RePEc:zbw:faulre:4.

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17
172012Is there monopsonistic discrimination against immigrants? First evidence from linked employer-employee data. (2012). Jahn, Elke ; Hirsch, Boris. In: Discussion Papers. RePEc:zbw:faulre:79.

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17
182005Gewerkschaften und Arbeitgeberverbände: Organisationsgrade, Tarifbindung und Einflüsse auf Löhne und Beschäftigung. (2005). Schnabel, Claus. In: Discussion Papers. RePEc:zbw:faulre:34.

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16
192004Do newly founded firms pay lower wages? First evidence from Germany. (2004). Schnabel, Claus ; Brixy, Udo ; Kohaut, Susanne. In: Discussion Papers. RePEc:zbw:faulre:28.

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15
202005Do Works Councils Inhibit Investment?. (2005). Wagner, Joachim ; Schnabel, Claus ; Schank, Thorsten ; Addison, John. In: Discussion Papers. RePEc:zbw:faulre:32.

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15
212009Low-wage employment versus unemployment: which one provides better prospects for women?. (2009). Schnabel, Claus ; Schank, Thorsten ; Mosthaf, Alexander. In: Discussion Papers. RePEc:zbw:faulre:65.

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15
222015Coming to work while sick: An economic theory of presenteeism with an application to German data. (2015). Schnabel, Claus ; Hirsch, Boris ; Lechmann, Daniel S. J., . In: Discussion Papers. RePEc:zbw:faulre:96.

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14
232001Tarifverträge - nein danke!? Einflussfaktoren der Tarifbindung west- und ostdeutscher Betriebe. (2001). Schnabel, Claus ; Kohaut, Susanne. In: Discussion Papers. RePEc:zbw:faulre:8.

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14
242006High wage workers and low wage firms : negative assortative matching or statistical artefact?. (2006). Upward, Richard ; Schank, Thorsten ; Upwarde, Richard ; Andrews, Martyn J. ; Gill, Len. In: Discussion Papers. RePEc:zbw:faulre:42.

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13
252008Higher wages in exporting firms: self-selection, export effect, or both? First evidence from German linked employer-employee data. (2008). Wagner, Joachim ; Schnabel, Claus ; Schank, Thorsten. In: Discussion Papers. RePEc:zbw:faulre:55.

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13
262012Union membership and density: Some (not so) stylized facts and challenges. (2012). Schnabel, Claus. In: Discussion Papers. RePEc:zbw:faulre:81.

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13
272006Gender Differences in Labor Supply to Monopsonistic Firms : An Empirical Analysis Using Linked Employer-Employee Data from Germany. (2006). Schnabel, Claus ; Schank, Thorsten ; Hirsch, Boris. In: Discussion Papers. RePEc:zbw:faulre:47.

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12
282017The German model of industrial relations: (Where) does it still exist?. (2017). Schnabel, Claus ; Oberfichtner, Michael. In: Discussion Papers. RePEc:zbw:faulre:102.

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12
292007Schwellenwerte im Arbeitsrecht : Höhere Transparenz und Effizienz durch Vereinheitlichung. (2007). Wagner, Joachim ; Schnabel, Claus ; Koller, Lena. In: Discussion Papers. RePEc:zbw:faulre:49.

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12
302014The levelling effect of product market competition on gender wage discrimination. (2014). Schnabel, Claus ; Oberfichtner, Michael ; Hirsch, Boris. In: Discussion Papers. RePEc:zbw:faulre:94.

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12
312009Paying more than necessary? The wage cushion in Germany. (2009). Schnabel, Claus ; Jung, Sven. In: Discussion Papers. RePEc:zbw:faulre:63.

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11
322014Centralized vs. decentralized wage formation: The role of firms production technology. (2014). Schnabel, Claus ; Mueller, Steffen ; Merkl, Christian ; Hirsch, Boris. In: Discussion Papers. RePEc:zbw:faulre:92.

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10
332023Is there a union wage premium in Germany and which workers benefit most?. (2023). Schnabel, Claus ; Bonaccolto-Topfer, Marina. In: Discussion Papers. RePEc:zbw:faulre:125.

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10
342005Practical estimation methods for linked employer-employee data. (2005). Upward, Richard ; Schank, Thorsten ; Andrews, Martyn J.. In: Discussion Papers. RePEc:zbw:faulre:29r.

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10
352009The institutional context of an empirical law: the wage curve under different regimes of collective bargaining. (2009). Schnabel, Claus ; Schank, Thorsten ; Dauth, Wolfgang ; Blien, Uwe. In: Discussion Papers. RePEc:zbw:faulre:64.

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9
362016The urban wage premium in imperfect labour markets. (2016). Oberfichtner, Michael ; Jahn, Elke ; Hirsch, Boris. In: Discussion Papers. RePEc:zbw:faulre:97.

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9
372013Wage posting or wage bargaining? Evidence from the employers side. (2013). Schnabel, Claus ; Gartner, Hermann ; Brenzel, Hanna. In: Discussion Papers. RePEc:zbw:faulre:85.

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9
382004Exporting firms do not pay higher wages, ceteris paribus : First evidence from linked employer-employee data. (2004). Wagner, Joachim ; Schnabel, Claus ; Schank, Thorsten. In: Discussion Papers. RePEc:zbw:faulre:27.

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9
392000Institutionelle Aspekte der Regionalisierung von Wirtschafts- und Strukturpolitik. (2000). Wegener, Torsten. In: Discussion Papers. RePEc:zbw:faulre:3.

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9
402001Betriebliches Ausbildungsverhalten zwischen Kosten-Nutzen-Kalkül und gesellschaftlicher Verantwortung: Einflussfaktoren der Ausbildungsintensität von deutschen Betrieben. (2001). Schnabel, Claus ; Niederalt, Michael ; Kaiser, Christian. In: Discussion Papers. RePEc:zbw:faulre:7.

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9
412000Substitution and crowding-out effects of active labour market policy. (2000). Jahn, Elke ; Wagner, Thomas. In: Discussion Papers. RePEc:zbw:faulre:2.

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8
422021The COVID-19 pandemic: A threat to higher education?. (2021). Castagnetti, Carolina ; Bonaccolto-Topfer, Marina. In: Discussion Papers. RePEc:zbw:faulre:117.

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8
432003Productivity, investment in ICT and market experimentation: micro evidence from Germany und the US. (2003). Schank, Thorsten ; Jarmin, Ron ; Haltiwanger, John. In: Discussion Papers. RePEc:zbw:faulre:19.

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8
44How fast do newly founded firms mature? Empirical analyses on job quality in start-ups. (2004). Schnabel, Claus ; Brixy, Udo ; Kohaut, Susanne. In: Discussion Papers. RePEc:zbw:faulre:30.

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8
452019Questioning the stereotype of the malingering bureaucrat absence from work in the public and private sector in Germany. (2019). Schnabel, Claus ; Prumer, Stephanie. In: Discussion Papers. RePEc:zbw:faulre:108.

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8
462007Sind mittelständische Betriebe der Jobmotor der deutschen Wirtschaft?. (2007). Wagner, Joachim ; Schnabel, Claus ; Koller, Lena. In: Discussion Papers. RePEc:zbw:faulre:54.

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8
472010Wage cyclicality under different regimes of industrial relations. (2010). Schnabel, Claus ; Schank, Thorsten ; Gartner, Hermann. In: Discussion Papers. RePEc:zbw:faulre:70.

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8
482015United, yet apart? A note on persistent labour market differences between Western and Eastern Germany. (2015). Schnabel, Claus. In: Discussion Papers. RePEc:zbw:faulre:95.

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8
492005Determinants of Union Membership in 18 EU Countries : Evidence from Micro Data, 2002/03. (2005). Wagner, Joachim ; Schnabel, Claus. In: Discussion Papers. RePEc:zbw:faulre:31.

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8
502001Verbreitung und Bestimmungsgründe verschiedener Formen der Arbeitnehmerpartizipation in Industriebetrieben. (2001). Wagner, Joachim ; Schnabel, Claus. In: Discussion Papers. RePEc:zbw:faulre:5.

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7
50 most relevant documents in this series (papers most cited in the last two years)
#YearTitleCited
12022Uncovered workers in plants covered by collective bargaining: Who are they and how do they fare?. (2022). Schnabel, Claus ; Lentge, Philipp ; Hirsch, Boris. In: Discussion Papers. RePEc:zbw:faulre:123.

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6
22023Is there a union wage premium in Germany and which workers benefit most?. (2023). Schnabel, Claus ; Bonaccolto-Topfer, Marina. In: Discussion Papers. RePEc:zbw:faulre:125.

Full description at Econpapers || Download paper

6
32020Union membership and collective bargaining: Trends and determinants. (2020). Schnabel, Claus. In: Discussion Papers. RePEc:zbw:faulre:113.

Full description at Econpapers || Download paper

5
42021The COVID-19 pandemic: A threat to higher education?. (2021). Castagnetti, Carolina ; Bonaccolto-Topfer, Marina. In: Discussion Papers. RePEc:zbw:faulre:117.

Full description at Econpapers || Download paper

4
52025Unions and employers associations in Germany: A survey of their membership, density and bargaining coverage. (2025). Schnabel, Claus. In: Discussion Papers. RePEc:zbw:faulre:311831.

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4
62021Cyclical dynamics and the gender pay gap: A structural VAR approach. (2021). Kovalenko, Tim ; Topfer, Marina. In: Discussion Papers. RePEc:zbw:faulre:115.

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3
72003Trade union membership in Eastern and Western Germany: convergence or divergence?. (2003). Wagner, Joachim ; Schnabel, Claus. In: Discussion Papers. RePEc:zbw:faulre:18.

Full description at Econpapers || Download paper

3
82024The demise of works councils in Germany. (2024). Schnabel, Claus ; Kohaut, Susanne. In: Discussion Papers. RePEc:zbw:faulre:300661.

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2
Citing documents used to compute impact factor: 5
YearTitle
2025Unions and employers’ associations in Germany: a survey of their membership, density and bargaining coverage. (2025). Schnabel, Claus. In: Journal for Labour Market Research. RePEc:spr:jlabrs:v:59:y:2025:i:1:d:10.1186_s12651-025-00393-2.

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2025Trade Union Membership and Bonus Payments: German Survey Evidence. (2025). Goerke, Laszlo ; Clemens, Marco. In: IAAEU Discussion Papers. RePEc:iaa:dpaper:202503.

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2025Beyond Collective Agreements: The Rise of the Wage Cushion in Germany. (2025). Schnabel, Claus ; Rieder, Andr. In: IZA Discussion Papers. RePEc:iza:izadps:dp18153.

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2025Beyond collective agreements: The rise of the wage cushion in Germany. (2025). Schnabel, Claus ; Rieder, Andr. In: Discussion Papers. RePEc:zbw:faulre:330331.

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2025The Present and Future of Works Councils and Changes in Collective Bargaining in Germany*. (2025). Addison, John. In: Journal of Labor Research. RePEc:spr:jlabre:v:46:y:2025:i:3:d:10.1007_s12122-025-09377-0.

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Recent citations
Recent citations received in 2025
YearCiting document
2025Beyond Collective Agreements: The Rise of the Wage Cushion in Germany. (2025). Schnabel, Claus ; Rieder, Andr. In: IZA Discussion Papers. RePEc:iza:izadps:dp18153.

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2025The Present and Future of Works Councils and Changes in Collective Bargaining in Germany*. (2025). Addison, John. In: Journal of Labor Research. RePEc:spr:jlabre:v:46:y:2025:i:3:d:10.1007_s12122-025-09377-0.

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2025Aligning ESG ratings with cultural values: a framework for the German-speaking region. (2025). Zlch, Henning ; Payer, Mathias ; Schder, Martin ; Gemnden, Tanja. In: Sustainability Nexus Forum. RePEc:spr:sumafo:v:33:y:2025:i:1:d:10.1007_s00550-025-00576-y.

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2025Beyond collective agreements: The rise of the wage cushion in Germany. (2025). Schnabel, Claus ; Rieder, Andr. In: Discussion Papers. RePEc:zbw:faulre:330331.

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Recent citations received in 2024
YearCiting document

Recent citations received in 2023
YearCiting document
2023Seeking shelter in times of crisis? unemployment, perceived job insecurity and trade union membership. (2023). Goerke, Laszlo ; Chadi, Adrian. In: Economica. RePEc:bla:econom:v:90:y:2023:i:359:p:1041-1088.

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2023Seeking Shelter in Times of Crisis? Unemployment, Perceived Job Insecurity and Trade Union Membership. (2023). Goerke, Laszlo ; Chadi, Adrian. In: IAAEU Discussion Papers. RePEc:iaa:dpaper:202302.

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2023Educational Mismatch and Labour Market Institutions: The Role of Gender. (2023). Goerke, Laszlo ; Geiler, Theresa. In: Working Papers. RePEc:inf:wpaper:2023.14.

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2023Seeking Shelter in Times of Crisis? Unemployment, Perceived Job Insecurity and Trade Union Membership. (2023). Goerke, Laszlo ; Chadi, Adrian. In: IZA Discussion Papers. RePEc:iza:izadps:dp16035.

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Recent citations received in 2022
YearCiting document
2022Job Satisfaction and Trade Union Membership in Germany. (2022). Goerke, Laszlo ; Huang, Yue. In: CESifo Working Paper Series. RePEc:ces:ceswps:_9868.

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2022Job satisfaction and trade union membership in Germany. (2022). Goerke, Laszlo ; Huang, Yue. In: Labour Economics. RePEc:eee:labeco:v:78:y:2022:i:c:s0927537122001282.

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2022Job Satisfaction and Trade Union Membership in Germany. (2022). Goerke, Laszlo ; Huang, Yue. In: IZA Discussion Papers. RePEc:iza:izadps:dp15459.

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2022Economic complexity and environmental pollution: Evidence from the former socialist transition countries. (2022). Scheu, Lucas ; Bucher, Florian ; Schropf, Benedikt. In: Discussion Papers. RePEc:zbw:faulre:124.

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2022Job Satisfaction and Trade Union Membership in Germany. (2022). Goerke, Laszlo ; Huang, Yue. In: GLO Discussion Paper Series. RePEc:zbw:glodps:1135.

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